factsheet: Polio

full name

Poliomyelitis

what does it protect against

Polio vaccine protects against the disease poliomyelitis.

what is polio?

Polio is a virus that attacks the nervous system and can cause permanent muscle paralysis. It tends to multiply in the motor nerves (those that cause the muscles to contract). It can cause permanent paralysis of the affected muscles. If it affects the chest muscles it can kill.

The vaccine given nowadays is a modified form of the live virus. It is extremely safe and effective.

when it is given

This is given when your child is 2, 3 and 4 months. The first booster is given when your child is between 3 and 5 years. The second booster is given when your child is between 13 and 18.

how is it given?

Unlike other immunisations, you take the polio vaccine by swallowing it. The doctor or nurse drops the liquid into your child’s mouth.

effectiveness

In 1955, 4000 cases of polio were reported in England and Wales. Between 1985 and 1995 only 28 cases were reported. In 1996, 96% of all children were immunised.

side-effects

There is an extremely small chance of developing polio from the immunisation – the risk is of one case in more than 1.5 million doses used. There is also a risk to those who are in close contact with the child receiving immunisation, e.g. parents, grandparents and carers. Close contacts should make sure that they are up-to date on their own immunisations.

Q. Why do you need to take care when changing a  nappy after the polio vaccine?

The polio vaccine can be passed into your child’s nappy for up to six weeks after the vaccine is given. If someone who has not been immunised against polio changes your baby’s nappy, there is a risk that they could contract the virus. Therefore, you must wash your hands thoroughly to avoid this happening. Grandparents who may not have immunity can be particularly at risk. Parents are likely to have been vaccinated. However, if you think you or anyone in your family has not been vaccinated contact your doctor.